Epilogue

Dramatis Personae

27 min read
NameTitle / RoleReign / DateKey Notes
Adad-nirari IKing of Assyria1307–1275 BCConquered the kingdom of Mitanni.
AhmoseEgyptian queenca. 1520 BCEighteenth Dynasty; wife of Thutmose I and mother of Hatshepsut.
Ahmose IPharaoh1570–1546 BCFounder of the 18th Dynasty; expelled the Hyksos from Egypt with his brother Kamose.
AkhenatenPharaoh1353–1334 BCEighteenth Dynasty; banned all gods except Aten; husband of Nefertiti; father of Tutankhamen. [According to Ra of Law of One, Akhenaten was the enlightened leader]
Amenhotep IIIPharaoh1391–1353 BCEighteenth Dynasty; extensive correspondence found at Amarna; trade connections to Mesopotamia and the Aegean.
Ammistamru IKing of Ugaritca. 1360 BCCorresponded with Egyptian pharaohs.
Ammistamru IIKing of Ugarit1260–1235 BCIn charge during Sinaranu’s voyage from Ugarit to Crete.
AmmurapiKing of Ugaritca. 1215–1190/85 BCLast king of Ugarit.
AnkhsenamenEgyptian queenca. 1330 BCEighteenth Dynasty; daughter of Akhenaten and wife of Tutankhamen.
ApophisHyksos kingca. 1574 BCFifteenth Dynasty; quarreled with Seknenre.
Assur-uballit IKing of Assyria1363–1328 BCCorresponded with Amarna pharaohs; a major player in realpolitik.
AyPharaoh1325–1321 BCEighteenth Dynasty; military man who became pharaoh by marrying Ankhsenamen after Tutankhamen’s death.
Burna-Buriash IIKassite king of Babylon1359–1333 BCCorresponded with Amarna pharaohs.
HammurabiKing of Babylon1792–1750 BCRenowned for his law code.
HatshepsutEgyptian queen/pharaoh1504–1480 BCEighteenth Dynasty; came to power as regent for Thutmose III; ruled as pharaoh for about 20 years.
Hattusili IHittite king1650–1620 BCProbably responsible for moving the Hittite capital to Hattusa.
Hattusili IIIHittite king1267–1237 BCSigned peace treaty with Egyptian pharaoh Ramses II.
IdaddaKing of Qatnaca. 1340 BCPresumably defeated by Hanutti, commander in chief of the Hittite army under Suppiluliuma I.
Kadashman-Enlil IKassite king of Babylonca. 1374–1360 BCCorresponded with Amarna pharaohs; daughter married Egyptian pharaoh Amenhotep III.
KamosePharaoh1573–1570 BCLast king of the Seventeenth Dynasty; responsible, along with his brother Ahmose, for expelling the Hyksos from Egypt.
Kashtiliashu IVKassite king of Babylonca. 1232–1225 BCDefeated by Tukulti-Ninurta I of Assyria.
KhyanHyksos kingca. 1600 BCFifteenth Dynasty; items with his name inscribed found in Anatolia, Mesopotamia, and the Aegean.
KukkuliKing of Assuwaca. 1430 BCInitiated the Assuwan Rebellion against the Hittites.
Kurigalzu IKassite king of Babylonca. 1400–1375 BCCorresponded with Amarna pharaohs; daughter married Egyptian pharaoh Amenhotep III.
Kurigalzu IIKassite king of Babylonca. 1332–1308 BCPuppet king placed on the throne by Assur-uballit I of Assyria.
KushmeshushaKing of Cyprusearly 12th century BCA letter from this king was found in the House of Urtenu at Ugarit.
ManethoEgyptian priest3rd century BCLived and wrote during the Hellenistic period.
MerneptahPharaoh1212–1202 BCNineteenth Dynasty; known for his stele mentioning Israel and for fighting the first wave of the Sea Peoples.
Mursili IHittite king1620–1590 BCDestroyed Babylon in 1595 BC, ending Hammurabi’s dynasty.
Mursili IIHittite king1321–1295 BCSon of Suppiluliuma I; wrote the Plague Prayers and other important documents.
Muwattalli IIHittite king1295–1272 BCFought against Ramses II at the Battle of Qadesh.
NefertitiEgyptian queenca. 1350 BCMarried to Akhenaten; may have been a power behind the throne.
Niqmaddu IIKing of Ugaritca. 1350–1315 BCCorresponded with Egyptian pharaohs during the Amarna Period.
Niqmaddu IIIKing of Ugaritca. 1225–1215 BCPenultimate king of Ugarit.
NiqmepaKing of Ugaritca. 1313–1260 BCSon of Niqmaddu II and father of Ammistamru II.
Ramses IIPharaoh1279–1212 BCNineteenth Dynasty; fought Muwattalli II at Qadesh and later signed a peace treaty with Hattusili III.
Ramses IIIPharaoh1184–1153 BCTwentieth Dynasty; fought the second wave of the Sea Peoples; assassinated in a harem conspiracy.
SaushtatarKing of Mitannica. 1430 BCExpanded the Mitannian kingdom by attacking the Assyrians; may have fought the Hittites.
SeknenrePharaohca. 1574 BCSeventeenth Dynasty; likely killed in battle, with a mortal head wound visible on his mummy.
ShattiwazaKing of Mitannica. 1340 BCSon of Tushratta.
ShaushgamuwaKing of Amurruca. 1225 BCSigned a treaty with the Hittites mentioning Ahhiyawa.
Shutruk-NahhunteElamite king1190–1155 BCAttacked Babylon and overthrew its king in 1158 BC.
Shuttarna IIKing of Mitannica. 1380 BCCorresponded with Amarna pharaohs; daughter married Amenhotep III.
SinaranuMerchant in Ugaritca. 1260 BCSent ships to Minoan Crete; exempt from taxation.
Suppiluliuma IHittite kingca. 1350–1322 BCExpanded Hittite holdings; corresponded with an Egyptian queen who requested one of his sons as her husband.
Suppiluliuma IIHittite kingca. 1207 BC onwardLast Hittite king; fought naval battles and invaded Cyprus.
TarkhundaraduKing of Arzawaca. 1360 BCCorresponded with Amarna pharaohs; daughter married Amenhotep III.
Thutmose IPharaoh1524–1518 BCEighteenth Dynasty; father of Hatshepsut and Thutmose II.
Thutmose IIPharaoh1518–1504 BCEighteenth Dynasty; half-brother and husband of Hatshepsut; father of Thutmose III.
Thutmose IIIPharaoh1479–1450 BCEighteenth Dynasty; fought the Battle of Megiddo in his first year.
TiyiEgyptian queenca. 1375 BCWife of Amenhotep III; mother of Akhenaten.
Tudhaliya I/IIHittite kingca. 1430 BCPut down the Assuwan Rebellion; dedicated Mycenaean swords at Hattusa.
Tudhaliya IVHittite king1237–1209 BCResponsible for the sanctuary at Yazlıkaya, near Hattusa.
Tukulti-Ninurta IKing of Assyria1243–1207 BCDefeated Kashtiliashu IV of Babylon.
TushrattaKing of Mitannica. 1360 BCSon of Shuttarna II; corresponded with Amarna pharaohs; daughter married Amenhotep III.
TutankhamenPharaoh1336–1327 BCEighteenth Dynasty; famous boy king whose tomb contained fabulous wealth.
TwosretEgyptian queen1187–1185 BCLast ruler of the Nineteenth Dynasty; widow of Pharaoh Seti II.
ZannanzaHittite princeca. 1324 BCSon of Suppiluliuma I; assassinated en route to marry an Egyptian queen.
Zimri-LimKing of Mari1776–1758 BCContemporary of Hammurabi; author of some of the “Mari Letters.”

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