Acid–Base

Unit 2 Displacement

Acid–Base

Juan Juan
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Convertible Layer

  • IMFs involved: Hydrogen bonding, ion–dipole, electrostatic

  • Why common: Every acid–base reaction in water or protic solvent involves proton transfer through a hydrogen-bonded network (Grotthuss mechanism). The solvation of H⁺ and OH⁻ by ion–dipole and H-bonding is essential.

  • Examples:

    • HCl + NaOH → NaCl + H₂O (neutralization in water)
    • NH₃ + H₂O ⇌ NH₄⁺ + OH⁻
    • Carboxylic acid + amine → ammonium carboxylate salt
    • Enzyme active-site proton relays (e.g., serine proteases)

  • Role of IMFs: H-bonding aligns the proton donor/acceptor; ion–dipole solvation stabilizes ions; the solvent’s H-bond network mediates proton mobility.

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