Inter-aetherspace

Convertible Layer

In Material Superphysics, which is based on Descartes’ Physics, Intermolecular Forces are caused by the Inter-aetherspace which is the Convertible Layer of the Micro-Aethersace (atomic space).

These are weak attractions such as hydrogen bonds that keep molecules together.

Sublayer	Name	Examples
Upper or Outer	Outer Inter-aetherspace (London Dispersion Forces)	Protein folding
Mid	Middle Inter-aetherspace (Dipole–Dipole Forces)	Hydrogen Bonding
Lower or Inner	Inner Inter-aetherspace (Ion–Dipole Forces)	boiling point

Physics organizes them into:

Force	Present In	Relative Strength	Example Pair	Energy Range (kJ/mol)
London dispersion	All molecules	Weakest	Ar···Ar	0.05–40
Dipole-dipole	Polar molecules	Moderate	HCl···HCl	5–50
Hydrogen bonding	N–H, O–H, F–H bonds	Strong	H₂O···H₂O	5–65
Ion-dipole	Ions + polar molecules	Strongest	Na⁺···H₂O	40–600

Order of Boiling Points (for similar molecular masses):

Ionic compounds > Hydrogen bonding > Dipole-dipole > London dispersion

Inter-aetherspace

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