https://superphysics.org/material/principles/part-3/chapter-06/section-02/ Recent content in Constants on Superphysics Hugo en Wed, 01 Jul 2026 00:00:00 +0000 https://superphysics.org/material/principles/part-3/chapter-06/section-02/unit-01/ Wed, 01 Jul 2026 00:00:00 +0000 https://superphysics.org/material/principles/part-3/chapter-06/section-02/unit-01/ <p>The Boltzmann Constant is the ratio between Heat Particles and Aether Particles.</p> <h2 id="the-stefan-boltzmann-constant-σ-heat-aetherspace-the-power-of-heat-radiation">The Stefan-Boltzmann Constant (σ Heat-Aetherspace): The Power of Heat Radiation</h2> <p>The Stefan-Boltzmann constant is a macroscopic constant that describes how much thermal radiation (heat energy in the form of electromagnetic waves) is emitted by a hot object.</p> https://superphysics.org/material/principles/part-3/chapter-06/section-02/unit-02/ Wed, 01 Jul 2026 00:00:00 +0000 https://superphysics.org/material/principles/part-3/chapter-06/section-02/unit-02/ <p>The fine structure constant—denoted by the Greek letter <span class="math math-inline"> <span class="katex"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><semantics><mrow><mi>α</mi></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">\alpha</annotation></semantics></math></span> </span> .</p> <p>It is a dimensionless number, roughly equal to <span class="math math-inline"> <span class="katex"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><semantics><mrow><mn>1</mn><mi mathvariant="normal">/</mi><mn>137</mn></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">1/137</annotation></semantics></math></span> </span> , that dictates the strength of the electromagnetic interaction between elementary particles.</p> https://superphysics.org/material/principles/part-3/chapter-06/section-02/unit-03/ Wed, 01 Jul 2026 00:00:00 +0000 https://superphysics.org/material/principles/part-3/chapter-06/section-02/unit-03/ <p>The Elementary Charge is the ratio between virtual photons and the diameter of the hole that it goes through.</p> <p>It takes 2 virtual photons to turn an electron. This leads its squaring while being spread over the aetherspace (which is denoted by hc):</p>